Appendix C. SQL Key Words

Table C-1 lists all tokens that are key words in the SQL standard and in PostgreSQL 1.1.1. Background information can be found in Section 4.1.1. (For space reasons, only the latest two versions of the SQL standard, and SQL-92 for historical comparison, are included. The differences between those and the other intermediate standard versions are small.)

SQL distinguishes between reserved and non-reserved key words. According to the standard, reserved key words are the only real key words; they are never allowed as identifiers. Non-reserved key words only have a special meaning in particular contexts and can be used as identifiers in other contexts. Most non-reserved key words are actually the names of built-in tables and functions specified by SQL. The concept of non-reserved key words essentially only exists to declare that some predefined meaning is attached to a word in some contexts.

In the PostgreSQL parser life is a bit more complicated. There are several different classes of tokens ranging from those that can never be used as an identifier to those that have absolutely no special status in the parser as compared to an ordinary identifier. (The latter is usually the case for functions specified by SQL.) Even reserved key words are not completely reserved in PostgreSQL, but can be used as column labels (for example, SELECT 55 AS CHECK, even though CHECK is a reserved key word).

In Table C-1 in the column for PostgreSQL we classify as "non-reserved" those key words that are explicitly known to the parser but are allowed as column or table names. Some key words that are otherwise non-reserved cannot be used as function or data type names and are marked accordingly. (Most of these words represent built-in functions or data types with special syntax. The function or type is still available but it cannot be redefined by the user.) Labeled "reserved" are those tokens that are not allowed as column or table names. Some reserved key words are allowable as names for functions or data types; this is also shown in the table. If not so marked, a reserved key word is only allowed as an "AS" column label name.

As a general rule, if you get spurious parser errors for commands that contain any of the listed key words as an identifier you should try to quote the identifier to see if the problem goes away.

It is important to understand before studying Table C-1 that the fact that a key word is not reserved in PostgreSQL does not mean that the feature related to the word is not implemented. Conversely, the presence of a key word does not indicate the existence of a feature.

Table C-1. SQL Key Words

Key WordPostgreSQLSQL:2011SQL:2008SQL-92
A non-reservednon-reserved 
ABORTnon-reserved   
ABS reservedreserved 
ABSENT non-reservednon-reserved 
ABSOLUTEnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
ACCESSnon-reserved   
ACCORDING non-reservednon-reserved 
ACTIONnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
ADA non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
ADDnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
ADMINnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
AFTERnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
AGGREGATEnon-reserved   
ALLreservedreservedreservedreserved
ALLOCATE reservedreservedreserved
ALSOnon-reserved   
ALTERnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
ALWAYSnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
ANALYSEreserved   
ANALYZEreserved   
ANDreservedreservedreservedreserved
ANYreservedreservedreservedreserved
ARE reservedreservedreserved
ARRAYreservedreservedreserved 
ARRAY_AGG reservedreserved 
ARRAY_MAX_CARDINALITY reserved  
ASreservedreservedreservedreserved
ASCreservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
ASENSITIVE reservedreserved 
ASSERTIONnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
ASSIGNMENTnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
ASYMMETRICreservedreservedreserved 
ATnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
ATOMIC reservedreserved 
ATTRIBUTEnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
ATTRIBUTES non-reservednon-reserved 
AUTHORIZATIONreserved (can be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
AVG reservedreservedreserved
BACKWARDnon-reserved   
BARRIERnon-reserved (XC only)   
BASE64 non-reservednon-reserved 
BEFOREnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
BEGINnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
BEGIN_FRAME reserved  
BEGIN_PARTITION reserved  
BERNOULLI non-reservednon-reserved 
BETWEENnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
BIGINTnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreserved 
BINARYreserved (can be function or type)reservedreserved 
BITnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)  reserved
BIT_LENGTH   reserved
BLOB reservedreserved 
BLOCKED non-reservednon-reserved 
BOM non-reservednon-reserved 
BOOLEANnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreserved 
BOTHreservedreservedreservedreserved
BREADTH non-reservednon-reserved 
BYnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
C non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
CACHEnon-reserved   
CALL reservedreserved 
CALLEDnon-reservedreservedreserved 
CARDINALITY reservedreserved 
CASCADEnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
CASCADEDnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
CASEreservedreservedreservedreserved
CASTreservedreservedreservedreserved
CATALOGnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
CATALOG_NAME non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
CEIL reservedreserved 
CEILING reservedreserved 
CHAINnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
CHARnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
CHARACTERnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
CHARACTERISTICSnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
CHARACTERS non-reservednon-reserved 
CHARACTER_LENGTH reservedreservedreserved
CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
CHARACTER_SET_NAME non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
CHAR_LENGTH reservedreservedreserved
CHECKreservedreservedreservedreserved
CHECKPOINTnon-reserved   
CLASSnon-reserved   
CLASS_ORIGIN non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
CLEANnon-reserved (XC only)   
CLOB reservedreserved 
CLOSEnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
CLUSTERnon-reserved   
COALESCEnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
COBOL non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
COLLATEreservedreservedreservedreserved
COLLATIONreserved (can be function or type)non-reservednon-reservedreserved
COLLATION_CATALOG non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
COLLATION_NAME non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
COLLATION_SCHEMA non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
COLLECT reservedreserved 
COLUMNreservedreservedreservedreserved
COLUMNS non-reservednon-reserved 
COLUMN_NAME non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
COMMAND_FUNCTION non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
COMMAND_FUNCTION_CODE non-reservednon-reserved 
COMMENTnon-reserved   
COMMENTSnon-reserved   
COMMITnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
COMMITTEDnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
CONCURRENTLYreserved (can be function or type)   
CONDITION reservedreserved 
CONDITION_NUMBER non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
CONFIGURATIONnon-reserved   
CONNECT reservedreservedreserved
CONNECTIONnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
CONNECTION_NAME non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
CONSTRAINTreservedreservedreservedreserved
CONSTRAINTSnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
CONSTRAINT_CATALOG non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
CONSTRAINT_NAME non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
CONSTRUCTOR non-reservednon-reserved 
CONTAINS reservednon-reserved 
CONTENTnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
CONTINUEnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
CONTROL non-reservednon-reserved 
CONVERSIONnon-reserved   
CONVERT reservedreservedreserved
COPYnon-reserved   
CORR reservedreserved 
CORRESPONDING reservedreservedreserved
COSTnon-reserved   
COUNT reservedreservedreserved
COVAR_POP reservedreserved 
COVAR_SAMP reservedreserved 
CREATEreservedreservedreservedreserved
CROSSreserved (can be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
CSVnon-reserved   
CUBE reservedreserved 
CUME_DIST reservedreserved 
CURRENTnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
CURRENT_CATALOGreservedreservedreserved 
CURRENT_DATEreservedreservedreservedreserved
CURRENT_DEFAULT_TRANSFORM_GROUP reservedreserved 
CURRENT_PATH reservedreserved 
CURRENT_ROLEreservedreservedreserved 
CURRENT_ROW reserved  
CURRENT_SCHEMAreserved (can be function or type)reservedreserved 
CURRENT_TIMEreservedreservedreservedreserved
CURRENT_TIMESTAMPreservedreservedreservedreserved
CURRENT_TRANSFORM_GROUP_FOR_TYPE reservedreserved 
CURRENT_USERreservedreservedreservedreserved
CURSORnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
CURSOR_NAME non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
CYCLEnon-reservedreservedreserved 
DATAnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
DATABASEnon-reserved   
DATALINK reservedreserved 
DATE reservedreservedreserved
DATETIME_INTERVAL_CODE non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
DATETIME_INTERVAL_PRECISION non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
DAYnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
DB non-reservednon-reserved 
DEALLOCATEnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
DECnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
DECIMALnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
DECLAREnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
DEFAULTreservedreservedreservedreserved
DEFAULTSnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
DEFERRABLEreservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
DEFERREDnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
DEFINED non-reservednon-reserved 
DEFINERnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
DEGREE non-reservednon-reserved 
DELETEnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
DELIMITERnon-reserved   
DELIMITERSnon-reserved   
DENSE_RANK reservedreserved 
DEPTH non-reservednon-reserved 
DEREF reservedreserved 
DERIVED non-reservednon-reserved 
DESCreservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
DESCRIBE reservedreservedreserved
DESCRIPTOR non-reservednon-reservedreserved
DETERMINISTIC reservedreserved 
DIAGNOSTICS non-reservednon-reservedreserved
DICTIONARYnon-reserved   
DISABLEnon-reserved   
DISCARDnon-reserved   
DISCONNECT reservedreservedreserved
DISPATCH non-reservednon-reserved 
DISTINCTreservedreservedreservedreserved
DISTRIBUTEnon-reserved (XC only)   
DLNEWCOPY reservedreserved 
DLPREVIOUSCOPY reservedreserved 
DLURLCOMPLETE reservedreserved 
DLURLCOMPLETEONLY reservedreserved 
DLURLCOMPLETEWRITE reservedreserved 
DLURLPATH reservedreserved 
DLURLPATHONLY reservedreserved 
DLURLPATHWRITE reservedreserved 
DLURLSCHEME reservedreserved 
DLURLSERVER reservedreserved 
DLVALUE reservedreserved 
DOreserved   
DOCUMENTnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
DOMAINnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
DOUBLEnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
DROPnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
DYNAMIC reservedreserved 
DYNAMIC_FUNCTION non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
DYNAMIC_FUNCTION_CODE non-reservednon-reserved 
EACHnon-reservedreservedreserved 
ELEMENT reservedreserved 
ELSEreservedreservedreservedreserved
EMPTY non-reservednon-reserved 
ENABLEnon-reserved   
ENCODINGnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
ENCRYPTEDnon-reserved   
ENDreservedreservedreservedreserved
END-EXEC reservedreservedreserved
END_FRAME reserved  
END_PARTITION reserved  
ENFORCED non-reserved  
ENUMnon-reserved   
EQUALS reservednon-reserved 
ESCAPEnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
EVERY reservedreserved 
EXCEPTreservedreservedreservedreserved
EXCEPTION   reserved
EXCLUDEnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
EXCLUDINGnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
EXCLUSIVEnon-reserved   
EXEC reservedreservedreserved
EXECUTEnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
EXISTSnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
EXP reservedreserved 
EXPLAINnon-reserved   
EXPRESSION non-reserved  
EXTENSIONnon-reserved   
EXTERNALnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
EXTRACTnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
FALSEreservedreservedreservedreserved
FAMILYnon-reserved   
FETCHreservedreservedreservedreserved
FILE non-reservednon-reserved 
FILTER reservedreserved 
FINAL non-reservednon-reserved 
FIRSTnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
FIRST_VALUE reservedreserved 
FLAG non-reservednon-reserved 
FLOATnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
FLOOR reservedreserved 
FOLLOWINGnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
FORreservedreservedreservedreserved
FORCEnon-reserved   
FOREIGNreservedreservedreservedreserved
FORTRAN non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
FORWARDnon-reserved   
FOUND non-reservednon-reservedreserved
FRAME_ROW reserved  
FREE reservedreserved 
FREEZEreserved (can be function or type)   
FROMreservedreservedreservedreserved
FS non-reservednon-reserved 
FULLreserved (can be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
FUNCTIONnon-reservedreservedreserved 
FUNCTIONSnon-reserved   
FUSION reservedreserved 
G non-reservednon-reserved 
GENERAL non-reservednon-reserved 
GENERATED non-reservednon-reserved 
GET reservedreservedreserved
GLOBALnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
GO non-reservednon-reservedreserved
GOTO non-reservednon-reservedreserved
GRANTreservedreservedreservedreserved
GRANTEDnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
GREATESTnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)   
GROUPreservedreservedreservedreserved
GROUPING reservedreserved 
GROUPS reserved  
HANDLERnon-reserved   
HASHnon-reserved (XC only)   
HAVINGreservedreservedreservedreserved
HEADERnon-reserved   
HEX non-reservednon-reserved 
HIERARCHY non-reservednon-reserved 
HOLDnon-reservedreservedreserved 
HOURnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
ID non-reservednon-reserved 
IDENTITYnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
IFnon-reserved   
IGNORE non-reservednon-reserved 
ILIKEreserved (can be function or type)   
IMMEDIATEnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
IMMEDIATELY non-reserved  
IMMUTABLEnon-reserved   
IMPLEMENTATION non-reservednon-reserved 
IMPLICITnon-reserved   
IMPORT reservedreserved 
INreservedreservedreservedreserved
INCLUDINGnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
INCREMENTnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
INDENT non-reservednon-reserved 
INDEXnon-reserved   
INDEXESnon-reserved   
INDICATOR reservedreservedreserved
INHERITnon-reserved   
INHERITSnon-reserved   
INITIALLYreservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
INLINEnon-reserved   
INNERreserved (can be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
INOUTnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreserved 
INPUTnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
INSENSITIVEnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
INSERTnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
INSTANCE non-reservednon-reserved 
INSTANTIABLE non-reservednon-reserved 
INSTEADnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
INTnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
INTEGERnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
INTEGRITY non-reservednon-reserved 
INTERSECTreservedreservedreservedreserved
INTERSECTION reservedreserved 
INTERVALnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
INTOreservedreservedreservedreserved
INVOKERnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
ISreserved (can be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
ISNULLreserved (can be function or type)   
ISOLATIONnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
JOINreserved (can be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
K non-reservednon-reserved 
KEYnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
KEY_MEMBER non-reservednon-reserved 
KEY_TYPE non-reservednon-reserved 
LABELnon-reserved   
LAG reservedreserved 
LANGUAGEnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
LARGEnon-reservedreservedreserved 
LASTnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
LAST_VALUE reservedreserved 
LATERAL reservedreserved 
LC_COLLATEnon-reserved   
LC_CTYPEnon-reserved   
LEAD reservedreserved 
LEADINGreservedreservedreservedreserved
LEAKPROOFnon-reserved   
LEASTnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)   
LEFTreserved (can be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
LENGTH non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
LEVELnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
LIBRARY non-reservednon-reserved 
LIKEreserved (can be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
LIKE_REGEX reservedreserved 
LIMITreservednon-reservednon-reserved 
LINK non-reservednon-reserved 
LISTENnon-reserved   
LN reservedreserved 
LOADnon-reserved   
LOCALnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
LOCALTIMEreservedreservedreserved 
LOCALTIMESTAMPreservedreservedreserved 
LOCATIONnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
LOCATOR non-reservednon-reserved 
LOCKnon-reserved   
LOWER reservedreservedreserved
M non-reservednon-reserved 
MAP non-reservednon-reserved 
MAPPINGnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
MATCHnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
MATCHED non-reservednon-reserved 
MAX reservedreservedreserved
MAXVALUEnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
MAX_CARDINALITY  reserved 
MEMBER reservedreserved 
MERGE reservedreserved 
MESSAGE_LENGTH non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
MESSAGE_TEXT non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
METHOD reservedreserved 
MIN reservedreservedreserved
MINUTEnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
MINVALUEnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
MOD reservedreserved 
MODEnon-reserved   
MODIFIES reservedreserved 
MODULE reservedreservedreserved
MODULOnon-reserved (XC only)   
MONTHnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
MORE non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
MOVEnon-reserved   
MULTISET reservedreserved 
MUMPS non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
NAMEnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
NAMESnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
NAMESPACE non-reservednon-reserved 
NATIONALnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
NATURALreserved (can be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
NCHARnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
NCLOB reservedreserved 
NESTING non-reservednon-reserved 
NEW reservedreserved 
NEXTnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
NFC non-reservednon-reserved 
NFD non-reservednon-reserved 
NFKC non-reservednon-reserved 
NFKD non-reservednon-reserved 
NIL non-reservednon-reserved 
NOnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
NONEnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreserved 
NORMALIZE reservedreserved 
NORMALIZED non-reservednon-reserved 
NOTreservedreservedreservedreserved
NOTHINGnon-reserved   
NOTIFYnon-reserved   
NOTNULLreserved (can be function or type)   
NOWAITnon-reserved   
NTH_VALUE reservedreserved 
NTILE reservedreserved 
NULLreservedreservedreservedreserved
NULLABLE non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
NULLIFnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
NULLSnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
NUMBER non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
NUMERICnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
OBJECTnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
OCCURRENCES_REGEX reservedreserved 
OCTETS non-reservednon-reserved 
OCTET_LENGTH reservedreservedreserved
OFnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
OFFnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
OFFSETreservedreservedreserved 
OIDSnon-reserved   
OLD reservedreserved 
ONreservedreservedreservedreserved
ONLYreservedreservedreservedreserved
OPEN reservedreservedreserved
OPERATORnon-reserved   
OPTIONnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
OPTIONSnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
ORreservedreservedreservedreserved
ORDERreservedreservedreservedreserved
ORDERING non-reservednon-reserved 
ORDINALITY non-reservednon-reserved 
OTHERS non-reservednon-reserved 
OUTnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreserved 
OUTERreserved (can be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
OUTPUT non-reservednon-reservedreserved
OVERreserved (can be function or type)reservedreserved 
OVERLAPSreserved (can be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
OVERLAYnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreserved 
OVERRIDING non-reservednon-reserved 
OWNEDnon-reserved   
OWNERnon-reserved   
P non-reservednon-reserved 
PAD non-reservednon-reservedreserved
PARAMETER reservedreserved 
PARAMETER_MODE non-reservednon-reserved 
PARAMETER_NAME non-reservednon-reserved 
PARAMETER_ORDINAL_POSITION non-reservednon-reserved 
PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_CATALOG non-reservednon-reserved 
PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_NAME non-reservednon-reserved 
PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_SCHEMA non-reservednon-reserved 
PARSERnon-reserved   
PARTIALnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
PARTITIONnon-reservedreservedreserved 
PASCAL non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
PASSINGnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
PASSTHROUGH non-reservednon-reserved 
PASSWORDnon-reserved   
PATH non-reservednon-reserved 
PERCENT reserved  
PERCENTILE_CONT reservedreserved 
PERCENTILE_DISC reservedreserved 
PERCENT_RANK reservedreserved 
PERIOD reserved  
PERMISSION non-reservednon-reserved 
PLACINGreservednon-reservednon-reserved 
PLANSnon-reserved   
PLI non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
PORTION reserved  
POSITIONnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
POSITION_REGEX reservedreserved 
POWER reservedreserved 
PRECEDES reserved  
PRECEDINGnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
PRECISIONnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
PREPAREnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
PREPAREDnon-reserved   
PRESERVEnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
PRIMARYreservedreservedreservedreserved
PRIORnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
PRIVILEGESnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
PROCEDURALnon-reserved   
PROCEDUREnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
PUBLIC non-reservednon-reservedreserved
QUOTEnon-reserved   
RANGEnon-reservedreservedreserved 
RANK reservedreserved 
READnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
READS reservedreserved 
REALnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
REASSIGNnon-reserved   
RECHECKnon-reserved   
RECOVERY non-reservednon-reserved 
RECURSIVEnon-reservedreservedreserved 
REFnon-reservedreservedreserved 
REFERENCESreservedreservedreservedreserved
REFERENCING reservedreserved 
REGR_AVGX reservedreserved 
REGR_AVGY reservedreserved 
REGR_COUNT reservedreserved 
REGR_INTERCEPT reservedreserved 
REGR_R2 reservedreserved 
REGR_SLOPE reservedreserved 
REGR_SXX reservedreserved 
REGR_SXY reservedreserved 
REGR_SYY reservedreserved 
REINDEXnon-reserved   
RELATIVEnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
RELEASEnon-reservedreservedreserved 
RENAMEnon-reserved   
REPEATABLEnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
REPLACEnon-reserved   
REPLICAnon-reserved   
REPLICATIONnon-reserved (XC only)   
REQUIRING non-reservednon-reserved 
RESETnon-reserved   
RESPECT non-reservednon-reserved 
RESTARTnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
RESTORE non-reservednon-reserved 
RESTRICTnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
RESULT reservedreserved 
RETURN reservedreserved 
RETURNED_CARDINALITY non-reservednon-reserved 
RETURNED_LENGTH non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
RETURNED_OCTET_LENGTH non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
RETURNED_SQLSTATE non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
RETURNINGreservednon-reservednon-reserved 
RETURNSnon-reservedreservedreserved 
REVOKEnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
RIGHTreserved (can be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
ROBINnon-reserved (XC only)   
ROLEnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
ROLLBACKnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
ROLLUP reservedreserved 
ROUNDnon-reserved (XC only)   
ROUTINE non-reservednon-reserved 
ROUTINE_CATALOG non-reservednon-reserved 
ROUTINE_NAME non-reservednon-reserved 
ROUTINE_SCHEMA non-reservednon-reserved 
ROWnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreserved 
ROWSnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
ROW_COUNT non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
ROW_NUMBER reservedreserved 
RULEnon-reserved   
SAVEPOINTnon-reservedreservedreserved 
SCALE non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
SCHEMAnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
SCHEMA_NAME non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
SCOPE reservedreserved 
SCOPE_CATALOG non-reservednon-reserved 
SCOPE_NAME non-reservednon-reserved 
SCOPE_SCHEMA non-reservednon-reserved 
SCROLLnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
SEARCHnon-reservedreservedreserved 
SECONDnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
SECTION non-reservednon-reservedreserved
SECURITYnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
SELECTreservedreservedreservedreserved
SELECTIVE non-reservednon-reserved 
SELF non-reservednon-reserved 
SENSITIVE reservedreserved 
SEQUENCEnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
SEQUENCESnon-reserved   
SERIALIZABLEnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
SERVERnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
SERVER_NAME non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
SESSIONnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
SESSION_USERreservedreservedreservedreserved
SETnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
SETOFnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)   
SETS non-reservednon-reserved 
SHAREnon-reserved   
SHOWnon-reserved   
SIMILARreserved (can be function or type)reservedreserved 
SIMPLEnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
SIZE non-reservednon-reservedreserved
SMALLINTnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
SNAPSHOTnon-reserved   
SOMEreservedreservedreservedreserved
SOURCE non-reservednon-reserved 
SPACE non-reservednon-reservedreserved
SPECIFIC reservedreserved 
SPECIFICTYPE reservedreserved 
SPECIFIC_NAME non-reservednon-reserved 
SQL reservedreservedreserved
SQLCODE   reserved
SQLERROR   reserved
SQLEXCEPTION reservedreserved 
SQLSTATE reservedreservedreserved
SQLWARNING reservedreserved 
SQRT reservedreserved 
STABLEnon-reserved   
STANDALONEnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
STARTnon-reservedreservedreserved 
STATE non-reservednon-reserved 
STATEMENTnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
STATIC reservedreserved 
STATISTICSnon-reserved   
STDDEV_POP reservedreserved 
STDDEV_SAMP reservedreserved 
STDINnon-reserved   
STDOUTnon-reserved   
STORAGEnon-reserved   
STRICTnon-reserved   
STRIPnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
STRUCTURE non-reservednon-reserved 
STYLE non-reservednon-reserved 
SUBCLASS_ORIGIN non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
SUBMULTISET reservedreserved 
SUBSTRINGnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
SUBSTRING_REGEX reservedreserved 
SUCCEEDS reserved  
SUM reservedreservedreserved
SYMMETRICreservedreservedreserved 
SYSIDnon-reserved   
SYSTEMnon-reservedreservedreserved 
SYSTEM_TIME reserved  
SYSTEM_USER reservedreservedreserved
T non-reservednon-reserved 
TABLEreservedreservedreservedreserved
TABLESnon-reserved   
TABLESAMPLE reservedreserved 
TABLESPACEnon-reserved   
TABLE_NAME non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
TEMPnon-reserved   
TEMPLATEnon-reserved   
TEMPORARYnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
TEXTnon-reserved   
THENreservedreservedreservedreserved
TIES non-reservednon-reserved 
TIMEnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
TIMESTAMPnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
TIMEZONE_HOUR reservedreservedreserved
TIMEZONE_MINUTE reservedreservedreserved
TOreservedreservedreservedreserved
TOKEN non-reservednon-reserved 
TOP_LEVEL_COUNT non-reservednon-reserved 
TRAILINGreservedreservedreservedreserved
TRANSACTIONnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
TRANSACTIONS_COMMITTED non-reservednon-reserved 
TRANSACTIONS_ROLLED_BACK non-reservednon-reserved 
TRANSACTION_ACTIVE non-reservednon-reserved 
TRANSFORM non-reservednon-reserved 
TRANSFORMS non-reservednon-reserved 
TRANSLATE reservedreservedreserved
TRANSLATE_REGEX reservedreserved 
TRANSLATION reservedreservedreserved
TREATnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreserved 
TRIGGERnon-reservedreservedreserved 
TRIGGER_CATALOG non-reservednon-reserved 
TRIGGER_NAME non-reservednon-reserved 
TRIGGER_SCHEMA non-reservednon-reserved 
TRIMnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
TRIM_ARRAY reservedreserved 
TRUEreservedreservedreservedreserved
TRUNCATEnon-reservedreservedreserved 
TRUSTEDnon-reserved   
TYPEnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
TYPESnon-reserved   
UESCAPE reservedreserved 
UNBOUNDEDnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
UNCOMMITTEDnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
UNDER non-reservednon-reserved 
UNENCRYPTEDnon-reserved   
UNIONreservedreservedreservedreserved
UNIQUEreservedreservedreservedreserved
UNKNOWNnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
UNLINK non-reservednon-reserved 
UNLISTENnon-reserved   
UNLOGGEDnon-reserved   
UNNAMED non-reservednon-reservednon-reserved
UNNEST reservedreserved 
UNTILnon-reserved   
UNTYPED non-reservednon-reserved 
UPDATEnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
UPPER reservedreservedreserved
URI non-reservednon-reserved 
USAGE non-reservednon-reservedreserved
USERreservedreservedreservedreserved
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG non-reservednon-reserved 
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CODE non-reservednon-reserved 
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME non-reservednon-reserved 
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA non-reservednon-reserved 
USINGreservedreservedreservedreserved
VACUUMnon-reserved   
VALIDnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
VALIDATEnon-reserved   
VALIDATORnon-reserved   
VALUEnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
VALUESnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
VALUE_OF reserved  
VARBINARY reservedreserved 
VARCHARnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreservedreserved
VARIADICreserved   
VARYINGnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
VAR_POP reservedreserved 
VAR_SAMP reservedreserved 
VERBOSEreserved (can be function or type)   
VERSIONnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
VERSIONING reserved  
VIEWnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
VOLATILEnon-reserved   
WHENreservedreservedreservedreserved
WHENEVER reservedreservedreserved
WHEREreservedreservedreservedreserved
WHITESPACEnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
WIDTH_BUCKET reservedreserved 
WINDOWreservedreservedreserved 
WITHreservedreservedreservedreserved
WITHIN reservedreserved 
WITHOUTnon-reservedreservedreserved 
WORKnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
WRAPPERnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
WRITEnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved
XMLnon-reservedreservedreserved 
XMLAGG reservedreserved 
XMLATTRIBUTESnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreserved 
XMLBINARY reservedreserved 
XMLCAST reservedreserved 
XMLCOMMENT reservedreserved 
XMLCONCATnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreserved 
XMLDECLARATION non-reservednon-reserved 
XMLDOCUMENT reservedreserved 
XMLELEMENTnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreserved 
XMLEXISTSnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreserved 
XMLFORESTnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreserved 
XMLITERATE reservedreserved 
XMLNAMESPACES reservedreserved 
XMLPARSEnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreserved 
XMLPInon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreserved 
XMLQUERY reservedreserved 
XMLROOTnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)   
XMLSCHEMA non-reservednon-reserved 
XMLSERIALIZEnon-reserved (cannot be function or type)reservedreserved 
XMLTABLE reservedreserved 
XMLTEXT reservedreserved 
XMLVALIDATE reservedreserved 
YEARnon-reservedreservedreservedreserved
YESnon-reservednon-reservednon-reserved 
ZONEnon-reservednon-reservednon-reservedreserved